Producción de biomasa de la microalga Chlorella sp. en condiciones fotoautotróficas y mixotróficas con yogurt semidescremado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70099/BJ/2026.03.02.6Palabras clave:
Chlorella sp, Mixotrofía, Valorización de residuos lácteos,, Biomasa microalgal, Cinética de crecimiento, BiorrefineríaResumen
Se aisló la microalga Chlorella sp . a partir de un efluente de una industria láctea previamente sometida a tratabilidad biológica mediante un consorcio microbiano, considerando el aprovechamiento de residuos como alternativa para producir biomasa microalgal; el objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento, la producción de pigmentos y la calidad bromatológica de la biomasa bajo condiciones autotróficas y mixotróficas, empleando fertilizante comercial Nitrofoska y yogurt natural semidescremado como fuentes de nutrientes. En cultivo autotrófico se procesan como condición óptima una concentración de 3 mL·L⁻¹ de fertilizante y una intensidad luminosa de 166.66 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, con una densidad celular máxima de 26×10⁶ células y mayor producción de pigmentos liposolubles. En condiciones mixotróficas, el yogurt al 5 % indujo el mayor crecimiento de microalgas, alcanzando una densidad celular de 47.3×10⁶ (p = 0.0005), superior a las concentraciones de 10 % y 20 %. El análisis proximal mostró composiciones similares entre ambos cultivos, con contenidos proteicos de 38.3 % en mixotrofía y 34.9 % en autotrofía, el análisis mineral evidenció mayor acumulación de Ca y Na en cultivo mixotrófico, mientras que Fe, K, S, Pb y Cu aumentaron en condiciones autotróficas. El escalamiento mediante un sistema discontinuo alimentado permitió obtener productividades de biomasa de 3.16 g·L⁻¹ en cultivo mixotrófico y 0.81 g·L⁻¹ en autotrófico, sin diferencias relevantes en el costo de producción (0.04 y 0.03 ctvs·g⁻¹, respectivamente). En conclusión, el uso de derivados lácteos favorece la formación de consorcios de microalga-levadura, incrementa la productividad y constituye una alternativa viable para la producción de biomasa microalgal de bajo costo y proyección industrial.
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