Advances in Immunotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Integration of CAR-T Cell Therapies and Other Immunological Strategies
Autores/as
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Vladimir Moreta
Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico. Ambato, Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2178-3728
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Daniela Rosero
Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico. Ambato, Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-2710
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70099/BJ/2025.02.01.15Palabras clave:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, tumor resistance, bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, minimal residual disease, ALL classificationResumen
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of blood cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood. Although chemotherapy is the main treatment, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative, especially for patients with refractory or recurrent disease. Immunotherapy uses the body's own immune system to fight cancer. There are different types of immunotherapies for ALL, such as monoclonal antibodies (Rituximab), immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4), and CAR-T cell therapy (Tisagenlecleucel). These therapies have been shown to be effective in treating ALL, with remission rates greater than 80% in some cases. However, challenges remain, such as resistance to treatment, side effects, and high cost. Future research focuses on developing strategies to overcome tumor resistance, improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies, and make them more accessible to patients. Combining different immunotherapies and integrating them with traditional chemotherapy are active areas of research. Despite the challenges, immunotherapy offers hope for improving outcomes in patients with ALL.Citas
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