Potential pleiotropic effect of Atorvastatin: bacterial growth inhibitor, in vitro study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70099/BJ/2024.01.02.5Keywords:
Antibacterials, Atorvastatin, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas ae-ruginosa, pleiotropicAbstract
The study's objective is to determine the inhibitory effect of Atorvastatin calcium on bacte-rial growth in vitro, which would demonstrate a pleiotropic effect of this compound. It was performed using the paper diffusion technique, in which 3 ATCC strains were tested: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with 6 replicates for each one. The test system consisted of Atorvastatin calcium concentrations of 250 μg and 500 μg; positive control Aztreonam 30 μg, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 25 μg and Cefoxitin 30 μg and negative control ethanol were also used. Data were processed in Stata v17. The results showed inhibition halos of 6 mm at 250 μg and 500 μg concentrations of Atorvastatin for all experimental samples. In vitro Atorvastatin, at concentrations of 250 μg and 500 μg, showed no inhibitory effect against the bacterial strains studied.
References
1. Malhotra HS, Goa KL. Atorvastatin: an updated review of its pharmacological properties and use in dyslipidaemia. Drugs. 2001;61(12):1835-81. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200161120-00012.PMID:11693468.
2. Martínez-González J, Badimon L. Efecto temprano de las estatinas después de un infarto de miocardio. ¿Se debe a los efectos pleiotrópicos? Med Clin (Barc) [Internet]. 2006 [citado el 17 de noviembre de 2023];126(9):334–6. Disponible en: https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-medicina-clinica-2-articulo-efecto-temprano-estatinas-despues-un-13085733
3. Ramos-Esquivel A, León-Céspedes C. Efectos no hipolipemiantes de las estatinas. Acta méd costarric [Internet]. 2007 [citado el 17 de noviembre de 2023];49(4):182–9. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-60022007000400003
4. Lepe JA, Martínez-Martínez L. Mecanismos de resistencia en bacterias gramnegativas. Medicina Intensiva [Internet]. 2022;46(7):392–402. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0210569122000341
5. Correoso-Salazar S, Bello-Fernández ZL, Pacheco-Pérez Y, Cozme-Rojas Y. Resistencia antimicrobiana en infecciones urinarias en pacientes de edad pediátrica. Rev electrón “Dr, Zoilo E, Mar Vidaurreta” [Internet]. 2022 [citado el 17 de noviembre de 2023];47(3):3077. Disponible en: https://revzoilomarinello.sld.cu/index.php/zmv/article/view/3077
6. Miranda J, Pinto J, Faustino M, Sánchez-Jacinto B, Ramirez F. Resistencia antimicrobiana de uropatógenos en adultos mayores de una clínica privada de Lima, Perú. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica [Internet]. 2019 [citado el 17 de noviembre de 2023];36(1):87.Disponible en: https://www.scielosp.org/article/rpmesp/2019.v36n1/87-92/es/
7. Giono-Cerezo S, Santos-Preciado JI, Morfín-Otero M del R, Torres-López FJ, Alcántar-Curiel MD. Resistencia antimicrobiana. Importancia y esfuerzos por contenerla. Gac Med Mex [Internet]. 2020 [citado el 21 de marzo de 2023];156(2). Disponible en: https://www.gacetamedicademexico.com/frame_esp.php?id=405
8. Lisowska-Łysiak K, Lauterbach R, Międzobrodzki J, Kosecka-Strojek M. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of staphylococcus bloodstream infections in humans: A review. Polish J Microbiol. 2021;70(1):13–23. https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2021-005
9. Mielko KA, Jabłoński SJ, Milczewska J, Sands D, Łukaszewicz M, Młynarz P. Metabolomic studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019;35(11):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-019-2739-1
10. Deborah Chen H, Frankel G. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: Unravelling pathogenesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2005;29(1):83–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsre.2004.07.002
11. Martin RM, Bachman MA. Colonization, infection, and the accessory genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8(JAN):1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00004
12. B. Stockins. Efectos pleiotrópicos de las estatinas. rev Chil cardiol. 2009;28(45):198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-85602009000200008
13. Seifert R, Schirmer B. Problems associated with the use of the term "antibiotics." Vol. 394, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 2021. p. 2153–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-021-02144-9
14. Hennessy E, Adams C, Reen FJ, O'Gara F. Is There Potential for Repurposing Statins as Novel Antimicrobials? Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Sep 1 ;60(9):5111–21. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00192-16
15. Guo Y, Song G, Sun M, Wang J, Wang Y. Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10(March):1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00107
16. Jubeh B, Breijyeh Z, Karaman R. Resistance of Gram-Positive Bacteria to Current Antibacterial Agents and Overcoming Approaches. Molecules. 2020;25. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122888
17. Ko HHT, Lareu RR, Dix BR, Hughes JD. Statins: antimicrobial resistance breakers or makers? PeerJ. 2017;5(10).https://peerj.com/articles/3952/
18. Welsh A-M, Kruger P, Faoagali J. Antimicrobial action of Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Pathology. 2009;41(7):689–91. https://doi.org/10.3109/00313020903305860
19. Bergman P, Linde C, Pütsep K, Pohanka A, Normark S, Henriques-Normark B, et al. Studies on the antibacterial effects of statins - in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024394
20. Masadeh M, Mhaidat N, Alzoubi K, Al-azzam S, Alnasser Z. Antibacterial activity of statins: A comparative study of Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, and Rosuvastatin. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2012;11:1–5.https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-11-13
21. Balibar CJ, Shen X, Tao J. The mevalonate pathway of Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol. 2009;191(3):851–61.https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.01357-08
22. Cullen L, Weiser R, Olszak T, Maldonado RF, Moreira AS, Slachmuylders L, et al. Phenotypic characterization of an international pseudomonas aeruginosa reference panel: Strains of cystic fibrosis (cf) origin show less in vivo virulence than non-cf strains. Microbiol (United Kingdom). 2015;161(10):1961–77. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000155
23. Kobayashi T, Ikeda M, Okada Y, Higurashi Y, Okugawa S, Moriya K. Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Recurrent Escherichia coli Bacteremia. Microbiol Spectr. 2021;9(3):1–10.https://doi.org/10.1128/Spectrum.01399-21
24. Wang G, Zhao G, Chao X, Xie L, Wang H. The characteristic of virulence, biofilm and antibiotic resistance of klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):1–17 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176278
25. Ajith TA, Divya KR. Anin Vitro. Comparative Study on the Antioxidant Activity and Determination of Antibacterial Potential of Atorvastatin and Simvastatin. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2007;45(9):683–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200701574992
26. Haeri MR, White K, Qharebeglou M, Ansar MM. Cholesterol suppresses antimicrobial effect of statins. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2015;18(12):1253–6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4744367/
27. Ichgcp.net.[cited2023Mar21].Availablefrom:https://ichgcp.net/es/clinical-trials-registry/NCT00163202
28. Mennickent S, Departamento De Farmacia C, Bravo M, Calvo C, Avello M. Efectos pleiotrópicos de las estatinas [Internet]. Scielo.cl. [cited 2023 Mar 22]. Available from: https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rmc/v136n6/art14.pdf
29. Shrestha B, Nath DK, Maharjan A, Poudel A, Pradhan RN, Aryal S. Isolation and characterization of potential antibiotic-producing Actinomycetes from water and soil sediments of different regions of Nepal. Int J Microbiol [Internet]. 2021 [citado el 3 de mayo de 2023]; 2021:5586165. Disponible en: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijmicro/2021/5586165/
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with BioNatura Journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the BioNatura Institutional Publishing Consortium (BIPC) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.