Immobilization of Bromelain from Pineapple Core by Chitosan-Alginate and Its Application in Virgin Coconut Oil Production
Authors
-
Jaya Hardi
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu, Central Sulawesi, 94118, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-0752
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70099/BJ/2025.02.02.8Keywords:
bromelain, enzyme immobilization, chitosan-alginate beads, agro-industrial waste, pineapple by-products, virgin coconut oil, sustainable biocatalysis, protease stability, reusable enzymesAbstract
This study presents an innovative approach to producing virgin coconut oil (VCO) using crude bromelain extracted from pineapple core and immobilized in a chitosan-alginate matrix. The immobilization significantly improved enzyme stability, allowing for repeated use up to 15 cycles while retaining over 50% of its relative activity. Key process parameters—including a bromelain to coconut cream ratio of 1:8 (w/v), an incubation temperature of 40°C, and chitosan: alginate ratio of 7:10 (v/v)—resulted in a maximum VCO yield of 38.99%.The resulting VCO exhibited excellent physicochemical and organoleptic qualities, with a high lauric acid content of 61.07%, meeting commercial standards. Infrared (FTIR) and GC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of characteristic ester groups and fatty acid profiles. Compared to free bromelain, the immobilized form offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution for large-scale VCO production by enabling enzyme reuse and reducing process waste.
These findings highlight the potential of chitosan-alginate immobilized bromelain as a reusable biocatalyst, offering a practical and scalable alternative for enzymatic VCO extraction with enhanced yield and product quality.
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